Maulana muhammad ali was chosen to lead the muslim delegation that traveled to england in 1919 to represent muslim interests to the british, and the ali brothers pioneered the khilafat manifesto, which they presented on march 17, 1920, to british prime minister lloyd george. Pdf the muslims of india and the first world war 19141918. What are the reasons for the failure of the khilafat movement. The khilafat movement, launched by gandhiji, occupies a vital place in indias history. Introduction the khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate and for not handing over the control of muslim holy places to nonmuslims. Khilafat movement was supported by the congress and launch the movement with muslim supporters as noncooperation movement ncm against british. In february 1920, he suggested to the khilafat committee that it adopt a programme of nonviolent noncooperation to protest the governments behaviour.
The goal of the movement was to preserve the ottoman. Anyhow, from the very beginning gandhi was treated as the guiding star of the khilafat. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first world war. Though the freedom movement was an affair of the indians as a whole, both the leading political platforms the congress and the muslim league tried to merge religious identities with the movement, indirectly. The khilafat movement aimed at presenting the ottoman empire and the continuity of the temporal power of khalifa to protect muslim lands without any mandate. The khilafat movement turned out to be an important mass movement due to three reasons.
Khilafat movement, panislamic force in india that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among muslims in india during the period of british rule. Pdf on jul 1, 1999, abdul rauf and others published khilafat movement in n. Introduction the invention of an ethnic nationalism t. Gandhijis struggle was a movement to prevent the british from abolishing the khilafat or transferring its headquarters from istanbul where it had been during the. Home rule movement modern history ncert notes for upsc. It was at this juncture that jamaluddin afghani 183897 propagated the idea of panislamism. It was strong in british india where it formed a rallying point for some indian muslims as one of many antibritish indian political movements. The khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british. The paper delves the history of the muslims in india and their association with the central. Khilafat movement and the province of sindh 53 of islamic independence was steadily narrowing. The khilafat movement evokes controversy and strong opinions.
Khilafat movement 19191924 the lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middleclass, englisheducated muslims and hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on hindumuslim constitutional and political problems. Background the khilafat movement 19191924 was a major panislamic movement started to save the ottoman empire and it extended to india against the british power. Its purpose was to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam. The khilafat movement was a popular campaign among indian muslims in response to the threat to. Though the two movements emerged from separate issues, they adopted a common programme of actionthat of nonviolent non cooperation. Ottoman was over thrown by the pro western secular republic and severed ties with indian muslims. Congressmen with treason for joining the khilafatists. The khilafat movement in india, 19191924 soas research.
Mohammad ali put forward the demands of the khilafat movement in a speech delivered at paris on march 21, 1920 by declaring. Aug 10, 2016 the khilafat movement was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a. It is possibly, unprecedented in the world history that an author himself banned his book. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Karakol cemiyeti, was a turkish clandestine intelligence organization that fought on the side of the turkish national movement during the turkish war of independence.
During 191922, the british were opposed through two mass movementsthe khilafat and noncooperation. The ali brothers, launched khilafat movement against british in 1920. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a panislamist political protest campaign launched by muslims of british india led by shaukat ali, mohammad ali jauhar, hakim ajmal khan, and abul kalam azad to restore the caliph of the ottoman caliphate, who was considered the leader of sunni muslims, as an effective political authority. Net net khilafat was the reason for the noncooperation movement. Nov 16, 2017 khilafat movement and noncooperation movement by roman saini indian history for upscias, ssc cgl duration.
The khilafat movement is a major step towards the establishment of a separate muslim state in south asia. During world war i, the ottoman empire turkey joined the war in favour of germany. The khilafat movement was started to save the ottoman empire and it extended to india against the british power. At same time when khilafat movement was at its peak gandhi was also leading many other movements like tehrik e terk mawalat, civil nafermani etc and through these movement his policy was to weak the english govt. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, abdul rauf and others published stalwarts of the khilafat. May 26, 2015 khilafat movement by gail minault the khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam after world war i. The following excerpt from sheela reddys new book gives a glimpse into the dynamics of the relationship shared by mr and mrs jinnah.
Gandhian philosophy emphasized the strategy of satyagraha and ahimsa in fighting against the british. The khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation on the part of some indian muslims, allied with the indian nationalist movement, during the years following world war i. On 9 june 1920, the khilafat committee at allahabad unanimously accepted the suggestion of noncooperation and asked gandhiji to lead the movement. The ali brothers, launched khilafat movement against british. But turkey and germany lost the war and a pact commonly known as istanbul accord was concluded between the allied forces on 3 rd november 1918. Read this article to learn about the khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. First, it helped the muslims from the urban areas to come in the national movement. Why were the khilafat and no cooperation movements merged in.
The khilafat movement was launched by muslims in british india in 1920 to defend the ottoman caliphate at the end of the first world war and it spread throughout the british colonial territories. The khilafat movement 1919 20 was essentially a movement to express muslim support for the caliph of turkey against the allied powers particularly britain. With this, the third and significant phase of indian nationalism began and which continued till independence. They started a movement to restore the power and dignity of khalifa. Dec 14, 2017 the khilafat movement turned out to be an important mass movement due to three reasons. It was ratified by the congress after the movement had started. Geetha the author points out that such official versions of the indian national movement are rather simplistic and ignore personalities, movements and groups whose interest did not exactly coincide with those espoused in the received versions. This title addresses the khilafat movement in india, a panislamic, political protest.
The leaders of the khilafat movement were maulana muhammad ali and his brother maulana shaukat ali. In the first world war england fought with turkey and defeated it. The khilafat movement was led primarily by the muslim leaders, but later accelerated by mahatma gandhis noncooperation movement. It served the important purpose of the massawakening if the muslims. During the first world war, the ottoman empire had advanced over the central powers. Khilafat movement 1919 to restore the power and dignity of. The caliph must retain control over the muslim sacred places. Khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of the british india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate or khilafat eusmania and for not letting for the muslim holy places go under the control of the nonmuslims. Critics of the khilafat see its alliance with the congress as a marriage of convenience. The congress leaders joined in the khilafat agitation and helped in organizing it throughout the country. In the process, it also tells us of how the politics of the. Ncm is the only movement where muslim people participated in large scale.
It was good that the movement supported the development of the section of the community. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first. Download pdf right click and save as target or continue reading online. Teaching the history of the indian national movement v. Khilafat movement and noncooperation movement mohandas karamchand gandhi took control of the national movement in 1919. The khilafat movement was organized by the famous ali brothers, mohammad ali and shuakat ali and others in protest against the injustice done to turkey after the war. The khilafat movement was of considerable importance in the history of muslim india. Maulana shaukat ali sitting next to the coffin of his brother, maulana muhammad ali jauhar. This unity reached its climax during the khilafat and the noncooperation movements. From the year 1876 to 1909, abdul hamid ii was the emperor of the ottoman empire. The khilafat or caliphate movement of 1919 to 1924 was a political and religious movement among muslims in the british colony of india. Ninety four years later, we have a new khalifa claiming the allegiance of sunni muslims. The moplah rebellion in kerala is a result of the khilafat movement.
The khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war i. A historical perspective find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. By critics, it is regarded as one of the political agitation based on a panislamist, fundamentalist platform and being largely indifferent to the cause of indian independence. The jinnahs, gandhi and khilafat outlook india magazine. A peep into the early history of khilafat and islam is essentially necessary at this stage specially to enable our nonmuslim brothers and sisters to have a thorough understanding of the unique divine mission of hazrat khwaja muinuddin chishti. Gandhiji was looking this opportunity khilafat movement to broaden the base of protest and also to unite the hindu muslim who were separated after the formation of muslim league. Khilafat movement 191922 was launched by the indian muslims to pressurise the british government to preserve the authority of ottoman sultan as caliph of islam. Khilafat movement, panislamic force in india that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among muslims in india during the. Introduction the khilafat movement was a religiopolitical movement launched by the muslims of british india for the retention of the ottoman caliphate and for not handing over the control of muslim holy places to nonmuslims.
The noncooperation movement is referred to briefly since it has its origin in the khilafat movement. The hindumuslims alliance and the khilafat movement ended in 1922. Teaching the history of the indian national movement. The movement was an expression of indian muslims sentimental attachment to ottoman caliphate, which they viewed as the last vestige of islamic unity and power. In this atmosphere emerged the khilafat issue around which developed the historic noncooperation movement. The aim of the home rule movement was the attainment of home rule or a dominion status for india under the british empire along the lines of countries like canada and australia. All these and many other reasons led to the failure of khilafat. While seemingly panislamic, the movement was primarily a means of. It became a part of the indian nationalist movement. The term was not corned by gandhi for which we need to go back to the partition of bengal in 1905.
The khilafat movement expanded to south asia under the leadership of ali brothers. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. The names of other prophetsas and messengers are followed by the symbol as, an abbreviation for. Khilafat movement 19191924 importance pdf download. Hence, muslims started the khilafat movement in india for the restoration of the khalifas position. Pdf stalwarts of the khilafat movement in nwfp researchgate. Another point is that every student of a subject of indian history who conducts his study and. During the 1st world war, turkey helped germany to war against british. Articles pakpedia biggest online encyclopedia of pakistan. Khilafat movement 19191922 the khilafat movement was a very important event in the political history of india. Movement and he merged it with the noncooperation movement.
This movement was carried out through the two home rule leagues. The khilafat movement was a collective resistance against the british but however with turkey gaining more importance the movement collapsed in 1922. As he was a caliph, he was supreme from the religious aspect and also was a political leader of the sunni muslims all over the world. Gandhi and congress leaders viewed it as an opportunity for cementing hindumuslim unity and bringing the muslims in the national movement although this event is said to have brought the issue of religion in the freedom struggle. Also gandhiji condemn the action of british action against the turkey and later decided to merge these two movements.
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